Abstract: The rapid development of modern industrial production has made hoisting machinery an indispensable auxiliary production equipment, which is widely used in factories, construction sites, ports, parking lots and other places to complete the lifting, installation and installation of various materials and equipment. Construction operations such as personnel transportation, thereby reducing people's labor intensity and improving labor productivity. At present, the development of domestic hoisting machinery products is constantly being updated to meet the diversity of industrial production methods and user needs, and to meet the needs of special environments with unique functions.
Keywords: hoisting machinery; development status
Chinese Library Classification Number: TH21 Document Identification Code: B Article Number: 1001-0785 (2020) 17-0035-03
0 Preface
Lifting machinery refers to mechanical equipment that uses lifting hooks or other spreaders to lift, lower or lift and move heavy objects in an intermittent and repetitive work mode [1]. In 2014, revised by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, and approved and promulgated by the State Council, the definition of hoisting machinery refers to electromechanical equipment used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement, and its scope is specified as the rated lifting capacity Lifts greater than or equal to 0.5 t; rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 3 t (or rated lifting torque greater than or equal to 40 t·m tower crane, or loading and unloading bridge with productivity greater than or equal to 300 t/h), and lifting height Cranes greater than or equal to 2 m; mechanical parking equipment with floors greater than or equal to 2.
With the country's high-speed infrastructure construction, the domestic lifting machinery market is expanding rapidly, and the development trend of lifting machinery to large-scale key products, lighter general products, and generalized parts and components has changed.
Facing the good momentum of the development of my country's lifting machinery industry, we should pay attention to the design and manufacturing technology of lifting machinery and equipment, and research and propose countermeasures for the sustainable development of lifting machinery and equipment. In the domestic market, although the hoisting machinery products manufactured in China are currently in the forefront of the industry, there are still certain limitations in the awareness of independent innovation and the establishment of one's own brand. The key to promoting the high-quality development of the domestic hoisting machinery industry lies in technological innovation, combined with the existing advanced manufacturing technology, and gradually develop towards intelligence.
1 The development history of hoisting machinery
Hoisting machinery has a long history of application in our country, and the orange used for irrigation in ancient times is the prototype of boom-type lifting equipment [2]. In modern society, with the continuous development of science and technology, hoisting machinery has experienced more than 200 years of development. Its main manufacturing countries are developed countries, such as Germany, Finland, Japan, etc., and its main sales areas are concentrated in North America, Europe and Asia.
The development of hoisting machinery in my country has also undergone continuous innovation. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of social productivity and the rapid development of transportation, metallurgy, construction and other industries, the demand for crane equipment has shown an increasing trend. In some special use environments, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of hoisting machinery and equipment.
2 Development status of domestic hoisting machinery
my country's lifting machinery industry has developed in an environment of continuous accumulation and full competition. Since the launch of the first generation of truck cranes in the 1960s, it has gone through more than 50 years of history, and has made considerable progress in equipment research and development and manufacturing technology [3]. At present, my country's hoisting machinery is entering the ranks of international competition at an unprecedented speed. The increasing demand for hoisting machinery has promoted the growth of my country's hoisting machinery manufacturing level, and at the same time, it has also improved the technical content of hoisting machinery products. Tonnage polarization and product intelligence are the main trends in the future development of my country's crane industry [4], that is, the development of large-scale and miniaturized. Based on the characteristics of the products used by users, the demand changes in the lifting machinery industry in recent years are concentrated in: modularization, standardization, combination and practicality of series products; light weight, miniaturization and diversification of general products; product performance automation, Intelligent and integrated; product design is microcomputerized, precise and rapid; product structure is new, beautiful and integrated; key products are large-scale, high-speed, durable and specialized; after-sales service is quick, professional and Humanization [5].
Faced with the diversity of user needs and the impact of the current fierce competition in the market, crane equipment manufacturers have begun to consider accelerating transformation and upgrading, accelerating the integration of industrialization and industrialization, and intensifying innovation so that their products can keep up with the development of the times.
The "Industry 4.0" concept introduced by Germany is the fourth industrial revolution led by intelligent manufacturing, or a revolutionary production method [6]. The strategy aims to transform the manufacturing industry to intelligentization by making full use of information and communication technology and virtual systems in cyberspace, that is, the combination of information technology and physical systems [7].
Lifting equipment is an indispensable part of the production and manufacturing process of enterprises. In the process of manufacturing industry’s transformation to intelligentization, the lifting machinery industry will experience unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Facing the complex market environment, only Keeping pace with the times can promote the high-quality development of my country's lifting machinery industry.
3 Restrictive factors for the development of domestic cranes
Although in the current lifting machinery industry, my country has become the world's largest lifting machinery manufacturing and small tonnage lifting machinery product exporter[8], but in the market competition of super large tonnage and intelligent lifting machinery, domestic enterprises The technical competitiveness of the company is still insufficient, and the development of new materials and new processes is still an obstacle to the development of its industry. More technological breakthroughs related to super large tonnage are still expected by large domestic enterprises with strong technical strength, while small and medium-sized enterprises may lack technological precipitation and financial support.
From the perspective of the output value growth rate of the crane industry alone, my country has achieved an increase in output value, export volume, and product quality. However, there is still a certain gap between the overall technological strength and developed countries, and there are two main constraints on policy and market.
3.1 Tightening of industry policies
In recent years, the country has vigorously promoted energy conservation and environmental protection, and the construction machinery policy is relatively strict [9]. Under the constraints of my country’s existing environmental protection and energy-saving laws, coupled with stricter environmental protection policy requirements in some regions, the requirements for design and manufacturing technology in key areas of cranes have increased, and the production costs of cranes have increased significantly, thereby intensifying market competition. .
3.2 Increasing market competition
At present, the domestic manufacturing industry is facing very severe global competition. As an important part of the manufacturing industry, the field of hoisting machinery is also deeply impacted by internationalization.
For a long period of time before, some domestic hoisting machinery products occupied a very large market share in the domestic market. However, with the continuous addition of some international brands, a fierce competition environment for international and domestic brands has been formed. However, there are still many immature places in the design of domestic cranes, especially in the development of some new products, new materials and new technologies, which are occupied by many foreign products.
4 Conclusion
As an important support for the economic development of my country's manufacturing industry, the lifting machinery industry will face huge opportunities and challenges. It is necessary for manufacturers to recognize the current development situation, understand their own advantages and differences, and introduce, absorb and improve in a timely manner, and increase innovation Efforts will be made to automate, intelligentize, digitize, and flex the product performance to become a user and beneficiary of a new generation of intelligent production technology, as well as a creator and supplier of advanced industrial production technology.
In addition, under the scientific and complete hoisting machinery design and manufacturing standard system, promoting the standardized development of hoisting machinery, improving the development level of my country's lifting equipment manufacturing, and opening up a broader development space for it is of great significance to promoting the development of the national economy. .
