Nowadays, with the rapid development of China's economy, China's construction machinery industry has also entered a new stage of development. As an important branch of the construction machinery industry, the crane industry has always attracted people's attention.
In the list of the world's top ten crane brand enterprises rated by the crane industry, China occupies five seats. Such achievements not only brighten people's eyes, but also show that China's crane industry is playing an increasingly important role on the world stage.
All this is due to the four families in China's crane industry, who have made indelible contributions to China's crane development in the first 50 years.
1、 From North - Pioneer
In the 1950s, China's crane industry started slowly, but it faced difficulties at the beginning. On the one hand, new China has just been established, and the domestic economy is full of waste, so there is really no fund for crane research and development; On the other hand, the crane industry in New China is blank and lacks the guidance of professional technicians. Everything needs to explore and move forward by itself.
Fortunately, at that time, China had a good relationship with the Soviet Union. Since the early 1950s, China has introduced or mapped imported Soviet products. With the support of the Soviet Union, in 1950, Beijing Jianhua iron factory landed in Beijing. In 1958, it was officially named Beijing crane factory, starting from the North.
As the birthplace of China's wheeled crane, Beiqi has brought too much hope to the crane industry. In 1953, Beijing crane factory successfully imitated the "Shaoxian" light crane. Although this crane has a series of disadvantages - both steering and walking require manpower, it makes up for the gap in China's crane industry.
Beiqi, which has made certain achievements, continued to make efforts. At the end of 1957, it successfully developed k32 truck crane by imitating K51 5-ton mechanical truck crane of the former Soviet Union, becoming the first enterprise in China to produce wheeled crane.
The success of Beiqi means that China has produced a 3-ton heavy mechanical truck crane on the Jiefang chassis for the first time. Unfortunately, the crawler crane is produced on the basis of improving the Soviet excavator. It has not learned the liboherr technology and has not been mass produced on a large scale.
The mass production of cranes came from 1958. In this year, the q51 5T truck crane was improved from the north. At the same time, the 30t and 100t box double beam bridge cranes and 3T electric truck cranes were also successfully trial produced. It was precisely because of the proud achievements made by Beijing Jianhua railway factory in this year that the central government officially named it.
Since then, Beiqi has developed many "China's first" cranes in the crane industry. China's first 5T, 8t, 16t, 20t and 100t truck cranes and 16t, 25t and 40t tire cranes were born in Beiqi. Beiqi's product users are all over the country, becoming the only manufacturer in the same industry to accept military orders in batches.
Among them, the sales volume of "strong" wheel crane of Beiqi is the first in the same industry. If calculated by sales volume, the sales market share of Beiqi is as high as 16% - 20%, and it is exported to many countries and regions such as East Asia, South Asia and Africa.
In the development of China's crane industry, Beiqi first opened the "skylight" for China's crane industry. In the 1960s and 1970s, Beiqi was famous in the machinery industry. Not only many national leaders came to inspect, but also a governor here, Li Chang'an, governor of Shandong Province.
Later, Beiqi sang all the way forward and launched new products many times through the east wind of reform and opening up. However, after entering the new era, it merged with several other companies, and the crane has changed from its main business to a sideline. Nevertheless, we still can not deny the pioneer and guiding role of Beiqi in China's crane industry. Starting from the north in 1964, he began to travel to the West and south of China.
2、 West Yangtze River - competitors
Relying on the third line project of new China, employees from North China began to travel to the West and south of China since 1964. In 1965, Sichuan Changjiang Engineering Crane Co., Ltd. was established in Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, a famous historical and cultural city in China, which made up for the vacancy of almost no heavy industry in the West and enhanced the national defense strength in the west of China.
The reason why the Yangtze River engineering crane company is located in Luzhou is not only considering the problems of China's industrial structure, but also considering that Luzhou is located in Chengdu Chongqing economic belt and Yangtze River economic belt, with rich resources and superior geographical conditions, which is extremely convenient for transportation after the completion of the crane company.
For a long time, Changjiang crane has played an important role in maintaining national defense and security, and even took the initiative to undertake the task of developing 16 ton full hydraulic truck crane. The whole plant has worked hard for 100 days, successfully broke through the history from zero to one, and developed the special chassis for manufacturing full hydraulic truck crane and truck crane in China.
Compared with Beiqi, although Changqi started late, Changqi set its sights on the world leading level from the beginning. Before the 1980s, Changqi mainly relied on independent research and development to win the voice of hydraulic truck crane.
Since the 1980s, Changqi has braved the wind and waves, realized the leap from the domestic market to the foreign market, achieved "turnover" in China's crane industry, which is no worse than the previous Beiqi, and jumped into the ranks of the "four" backbone enterprises in the same industry. This is mainly due to the following reasons:
First, after the 1980s, Changqi took the lead in introducing many world-class technologies in the same industry in China through reform and opening up, such as Liebherr technology in Germany, so that its products quickly approached the advanced level of foreign countries.
Second, at the time of the "sixth five year plan" and "Seventh Five Year Plan" technological transformation, Changqi seized the opportunity to continuously optimize the factory layout, production process, manufacturing capacity and supporting facilities, so as to form its own advantageous conditions and effectively digest and absorb the introduced technology.
Although Changqi was also faced with reform and restructuring later, it continued to make leaps in this process. From joint venture with the world-class construction machinery multinational group Terex of the United States to national machinery holding, the "elder" in the history of truck crane has already realized the "three continuous jumps" in the crane industry and gone abroad.
3、 Nanpuyuan -- the defender of the country
In those years, one branch of the North moved to Luzhou, Sichuan, and the other moved to Hunan. In 1968, the third tier enterprise moved to Hunan was officially named Puyuan construction machinery factory, becoming a large state-owned enterprise integrating scientific research, development, manufacturing and trade of construction machinery.
At first, Puyuan was guided by the national defense truck crane. Compared with the civil and long-term competitive world from the north, Puyuan obviously did not have so many ambitions. Instead, it was rooted in reality and contributed to national defense. The Wuling brand truck crane often participated in national defense, Arctic scientific research and other projects.
Later, Puyuan formed three production cores: truck cranes, construction machinery and special vehicles. It has made great achievements in these three aspects, but the diffuse business has also brought disadvantages to the development of Puyuan. Although Puyuan developed rapidly because of "three carriages" in a certain period of time, too much business volume made its capital chain "cut off" for a period of time.
Nevertheless, during this period, Puyuan was high-tech oriented, advocated the "double high" strategy, set up a number of special institutions such as scientific and technological information, standards and structure, trial produced QY8 truck crane and put into operation smoothly.
As the four families of truck cranes, his glory comes from the new century.
After entering the millennium, Puyuan began to implement the strategy of Taking Changsha as the production and operation center, retaining the construction of machinery, special vehicles and parts production base in Changde, and building a branch in Shanghai. The three places went hand in hand, and the three large businesses were shunted. The three varieties of leading products have won the national silver award four times.
The truck crane has been rated as the "national consumer trusted domestic car Gold Award" for 15 consecutive years and the "gold list" product in the same industry. In just one year, Puyuan achieved an industry miracle with sales of 600 million yuan, profits and taxes of 18 million yuan and export earning of 2.56 million US dollars.
Later, although the name of Puyuan disappeared from the list of state-owned enterprises in Hunan due to the reorganization and M & A of Sifang, the truck crane developed over the years has made great contributions to national defense and people's livelihood because of adhering to the industry concept of "new for new, endless strength".
4、 East Xuzhou - Founder
"XCMG, XCMG, wish you success!" today, XCMG is the leader in China's construction machinery industry. It is a large enterprise group with the largest scale, the most complete product varieties and series, the most competitive and influential in China's construction machinery industry.
The history of XCMG is only 30 years. However, XCMG 30 years ago was formed by the merger of "three factories and one institute" in Xuzhou, including Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Factory, the "veteran" of China's truck crane industry.
Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Factory was the first of the four families to establish a factory. It was established as early as 1943. At that time, it was only an arsenal for repairing simple firearms and popsicles, and there was no technical content. It was not until 1957 that the Arsenal implemented reform and began to produce tower cranes that the situation changed, and XCMG became a "strong man" in the field of cranes.
In the 1960s, Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Factory produced q51 5-ton truck crane. In the 1970s, it produced the first hydraulic qy16-ton truck crane in China.
Since then, it has launched the first batch of K-series truck cranes with independent intellectual property rights in China, the first all terrain crane with independent intellectual property rights, the first 300 ton crawler crane in China, the first 500 ton all terrain crane in Asia, and the new dg68m elevation platform fire truck in Asia... Creating a precedent for the industrial development of all terrain cranes, It has injected vitality into China's construction machinery industry.
For China's truck crane industry, Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Plant plays a more important role in precipitation - integrating its own things into the truck crane products that have been developed and produced, bringing the crane products from low-end to high-end and connecting with the world.
Today, China's truck crane industry is well-known in the world. The "four families" have experienced decades of development, but their ideas are old and new. Whether they are founders, founders, defenders and competitors, they have made indelible contributions to China's truck crane industry.
Now, what is the development status of China's crane industry?
Facing the diversity of user needs and the impact of fierce competition in the current market, crane equipment manufacturers began to consider accelerating transformation and upgrading, accelerating the integration of industrialization and industrialization, and strengthening innovation, so that their products can keep up with the pace of the development of the times.
The concept of "industry 4.0" launched by Germany, that is, the fourth industrial revolution dominated by intelligent manufacturing, or revolutionary production method [6]. The strategy aims to transform the manufacturing industry to intelligence by making full use of information and communication technology and cyberspace virtual system, that is, the combination of information technology and physical system [7].
Lifting equipment is an indispensable part of the manufacturing process of enterprises. In the process of the transformation from manufacturing industry to intelligence, the lifting machinery industry will experience unprecedented challenges and opportunities. In the face of the complex market environment, only by keeping up with the pace of the times can we promote the high-quality development of China's lifting machinery industry.
Restrictive factors for the development of domestic hoisting machinery
Although in the current lifting machinery industry, China has become the world's largest lifting machinery manufacturer and exporter of small tonnage lifting machinery products [8], in the market competition of super tonnage and intelligent lifting machinery, the technical competitiveness of domestic enterprises is still insufficient, and the development of new materials and processes is still an obstacle to the development of the industry. The technological breakthroughs related to super tonnage are still expected from large domestic enterprises with strong technical strength, while small and medium-sized enterprises may lack technical precipitation and financial support.
Only from the perspective of the output growth of the hoisting machinery industry, China has achieved the increase of output value, export volume and product quality. However, there is still a certain gap between the overall technical strength and developed countries. At the same time, there are two main restrictive factors: policy and market.
Tightening of industrial policies
In recent years, the state has vigorously advocated energy conservation and environmental protection, and the policies on construction machinery are relatively strict [9]. Under the constraints of China's existing laws related to environmental protection and energy conservation, coupled with the strict requirements of environmental protection policies in some regions, the requirements for design and manufacturing technology in key areas of hoisting machinery have been improved, and the production cost of hoisting machinery has been greatly increased, thus intensifying market competition.
Increasingly fierce market competition
At present, the domestic manufacturing industry is facing very severe global competition. As an important part of the manufacturing industry, the field of hoisting machinery is also deeply impacted by internationalization.
For a long time before, some local hoisting machinery products in China occupied a very large market share in the domestic market, but later, with the continuous participation of some international brands, a fierce competitive environment for international and domestic brands was formed. However, there are still many immature places in the design of domestic cranes, especially in the development of some new products, new materials and new technologies.
