The implementation of the third and fourth national standards has made the quality of diesel oil more demanding for vehicles with high-pressure common rail engines. In this case, many fuel oil filters are far from the need for oil and water separation. At this time, an oil water filter is needed on the original basis to process the fuel for two times. What is the working principle of this separator? If there are problems with the separator, what problems will happen to the machine? How should we normally maintain the oil-water separator?
Working principle and maintenance of oil and water separator
It is believed that many excavator users are not unfamiliar with the oil-water separator, because in the daily maintenance of it to be regularly watered. What is the working principle of this separator? The following is a brief introduction to you.
Principle of oil-water separator
First of all, we have to talk about the mechanism of the oil-water separator, in short, it is the separation of water from oil, or the separation of oil from water. The oil-water separator is divided into industrial oil and water separator, commercial oil-water separator and domestic oil-water separator according to its use, and oil and water separator are mainly used in petrochemical, fuel locomotive, sewage treatment and so on. What we are going to talk about today is the oil-water separator used on fuel locomotives, also known as vehicle oil-water separator.
Components of oil-water separator
The oil - water separator is one of the fuel filters. For diesel engines, its main function is to remove the water from the diesel engine, which makes the diesel fuel meet the requirements of the high pressure common rail engine. Its principle is to remove impurities and water according to the density difference between water and fuel, and the principle of gravity settlement. In addition, it has a diffusion cone and a filter net to strengthen the effect of oil and water separation.
Structure of oil-water separator
The principle of the oil and water separator is to make use of the density difference between water and fuel, and then rely on the effect of the earth's gravitational field to make it relative movement, and the oil will rise in the water, thus the purpose of oil and water separation is achieved.
Other functions of the oil-water separator
In addition, some of the current oil-water separators will also have other functions, such as automatic drainage function, such as heating function. Next, let's take a look at the water level sensor that can realize automatic drainage function.
The water level sensor also uses the density difference between water and oil, makes the float rise, reaches the oil level to alarm, and the water level sensor can realize the automatic drainage function. Next, let's take a look at the heater on the oil-water separator.
The heater prevents diesel wax from depositing, making it easier to start the engine and avoid more damage to the engine.
What is the failure of the oil-water separator
First, engine instability or acceleration failure and black smoke emissions.
The high pressure nozzle in the high pressure common rail system needs to control the injection pressure, the injection time and the amount of fuel injection, and the injector nozzle is more elaborate. If the oil and water separator is problem, the water and impurities in the diesel fuel will cause the abrasion of the plunger couple in the nozzle, until the injector dies.
Injector damage will cause engine acceleration instability or acceleration weakness, or emissions of black smoke and other failures, serious cases will directly damage the engine. Because the nozzle has a fine workmanship, its price is relatively high. For these reasons, oil and water separators must be replaced in time when problems arise.
Two. Charcoal.
If the oil and water separator is damaged, the water and impurities in the diesel will pass through the filter, and then deposit in the intake valve, the intake port and the cylinder, forming hard carbon accumulated for a long time, and then affecting the engine's work, which will cause the engine to be damaged seriously.
Valve coat
The damage of the oil-water separator will cause the gas valve to be charcoal, and the valve charcoal will lead to the abnormal start of the engine, the unstable idle speed, the bad acceleration, the rapid refueling and tempering, the excess tail gas and the increase of the fuel consumption, which will cause the engine damage.
Three, the engine is white smoke.
When the oil-water separator is damaged, the engine will emit white smoke, because the water in the fuel will become water vapor when it is burned, which will result in white smoke.
And the water vapor in the white smoke will damage the high pressure nozzle, cause the engine power shortage, will cause the sudden parking phenomenon, the serious situation will directly damage the engine.
After that, what will happen if the oil-water separator is damaged, the next thing we want to say is how to maintain the oil-water separator correctly.
1. Water release.
Believe that many friends of the oil-water separator is not unfamiliar with the release of water, unscrew the oil-water separator under the drain valve, and then drain water clean. The oil and water separator with automatic drainage function is more simple. As long as the alarm signal is obtained, the water release button in the cab can be pressed and the water is closed automatically. This can ensure that the water in the oil-water separator is discharged in time.
But the water discharge is not as simple as we think it is. In fact, there are many places to pay attention to. Now let's talk about what should be paid attention to when the water separator is released.
1, the release of water should be in time.
Every day routine maintenance, to look at the oil-water separator, if the water inside too much or exceeded the warning line, we have to release water in time.
2, the release of water is regular.
First, when the fuel consumption is complete, the water in the oil-water separator needs to be released in time. Secondly, after replacing the fuel filter, the water in the oil-water separator should also be released in time.
3, do not forget to pour oil after the water is released.
When the water in the oil-water separator is discharged, be sure to remember to perform the injection operation until the fuel pump is filled.
Two, pay attention to the insulation of oil-water separator in cold weather.
1, add a thick cotton coat to the oil-water separator. In the northern region, some users in order to prevent the oil-water separator from being frozen out, the oil-water separator insulation treatment, that is, wrapped with a layer of insulation material.
2, oil and water separator with electric heating function is selected. This can not only prevent the oil and water separator from freezing, but also prevent the diesel from waxing.
Conclusion: As a part of the engine, the oil-water separator plays an important role in improving the quality of diesel oil, which is also needed by the high-pressure common rail engine. Once the oil and water separator problems will lead to a series of malfunctions, such as smoke abnormality, valve coke, engine power drop and so on, it may cause engine damage seriously, so it is very important to maintain the ordinary maintenance and maintenance of the oil and water separator.
