Recently, huyongsheng, chairman of the urban and rural integration development professional committee of China Association for the promotion of urbanization, published an article on "exploring the way to achieve the" double carbon "goal of prefabricated buildings" in China Construction News. The full text is hereby forwarded as follows.
China's "fourteenth five year plan" is based on measures of carbon emission reduction, carbon neutralization and environmental sustainable development, strengthening measures to control carbon emissions, and walking out of a more scientific, healthy, environmental friendly, clean and low-carbon way of modern human living, production and life. According to statistics, the carbon emissions of the construction industry account for 38% of the total global carbon emissions, but the total carbon emissions of the upstream and downstream supporting parts, facilities and equipment, decoration and other industries of the comprehensive construction industry account for 70% of the total global carbon emissions. Reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of China's construction industry and buildings and further refining carbon emission reduction actions are very important to achieve the goals of carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization.
Construction ideas under the goal of "double carbon"
To study the carbon emission of the construction industry, it is necessary to clarify all energy consumption categories and quantities in the whole life cycle of buildings.
● redefining prefabricated buildings. The prefabricated integrated building under the conditions of modern high-tech technology and industrialized manufacturing process can produce new energy. The generated energy surplus can be exported for energy and carbon emission index trading, creating economic benefits and meeting the needs of national defense and disaster emergency. Therefore, it is necessary to re evaluate and plan the system wide development of prefabricated building manufacturing.
● formulate green and low-carbon development strategies and put them into action. Promote the development of renewable new energy industry, energy transportation and storage industry and low-carbon industry under the premise of low carbon, and promote the comprehensive development of green low-carbon prefabricated buildings and urban and rural construction.
● prepare systematic solutions to reduce energy consumption. In the era of traditional construction industry, the energy consumption, environmental pollution and carbon dioxide emissions incidental to the transformation of natural resources into materials and products are unrestricted and unplanned. It is entirely possible to formulate systematic solutions for them, thus making a huge contribution to carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization. The construction industry must clearly define the plans and restrictions for reducing energy consumption and total carbon emissions, so as to ensure that China's overall environmental level remains within the scope of sustainable development. In the process of urban and rural construction, prefabricated buildings can play a leading role. The development of all walks of life is inseparable from construction. We should grasp the key link of the construction industry, implant the dual carbon concept and technology, sort out ideas, formulate the dual carbon target strategy, and guide the implementation of the industry.
The scientific and technological R & D capacity, processing and manufacturing capacity, installation capacity and management capacity of China's construction industry are all in the leading position in the world. It is estimated that in the next 10 to 20 years, China's new prefabricated buildings will account for more than 50% of the global total. China adds about 2billion square meters of building area every year. If no planned and restrictive systematic solution is formulated for the energy consumption of the construction industry, the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the whole industry chain of the construction industry will rise accordingly. In order to reduce the energy use and carbon emissions of the construction industry, it will be very important to take further actions to limit the total carbon emissions to achieve the goals of carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization.
Change the traditional concept of construction
Through the promotion and transformation of ideas, the construction industry is repositioned and the prefabricated integrated building is promoted, so that the building is no longer an energy consumer, but a space carrier for the production of new energy. By changing the concept, integrating various professional technologies, processes and equipment in the construction process of prefabricated buildings into an integrated system, clarifying the target positioning of "double carbon" planning and evaluation, systematic and scientific integrated design, industrial cluster processing, manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and digital whole process operation and management, we can effectively reduce the energy input demand of buildings and increase the production function of green new energy.
● develop carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization standards. The construction industry and its members in the whole industry chain must specify the carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization standards in urban and rural construction projects, and minimize energy consumption and carbon emissions in accordance with the carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization standards within the whole life cycle of each prefabricated building (including design, material selection, logistics and storage, processing and manufacturing, installation, maintenance, operation management and other links).
● steps for the construction industry to achieve carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization. The steps for the construction industry to achieve carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization include: formulating standards and specifications for assessment objectives; Calculate the best value of carbon balance and strictly follow it; Optimize and simplify the industrial cluster and low-carbon production and manufacturing process of prefabricated buildings; Reduce the use of building materials and the demand for energy resources for logistics storage; Select green materials and new energy products that have little impact on the environment; Use energy-saving and low-carbon materials and technologies to reduce the demand for electricity, water and gas in buildings, take buildings as the space carrier for the production of new energy, and realize the resource-based classified collection, recycling and reuse of sewage and garbage at the source; Realize the digitalization, integration and systematization of architectural design, production, manufacturing, installation, maintenance and operation management.
● carbon emission factors of existing buildings. The main factors of carbon emission from existing buildings include: all materials, facilities, equipment, etc. used in the construction of buildings and the carbon generated by their production processes; Carbon generated during construction logistics, storage, manufacturing and installation; Carbon generated in the process of building use, operation and management; Carbon generated in the process of building relocation, demolition or equipment transformation, installation, decoration, decoration and parts supporting.
Discussion on implementation method
In the future urban and rural construction process, to achieve carbon neutralization, prefabricated buildings should be used as much as possible. From the planning and design, the carbon emissions in the stages of material selection, logistics and storage, production and manufacturing, construction and installation, operation and maintenance should be strictly limited. Carbon balance specifications and evaluation standards should be prepared to calculate the carbon emissions generated by buildings in the whole life cycle in a refined manner.
In addition, all industries need to cooperate with each other, continuously evaluate and follow up the whole process of urban and rural construction, and enforce the "double carbon" standard procedures. Optimize new prefabricated building materials to meet the new ecological environment of carbon neutralization, optimize the technical attributes, carry out integrated design for new energy production, make full use of the building facade and the residual space in the building to carry out the integrated design of facilities and equipment for the source resource treatment of sewage and garbage, carry out carbon neutralization and climate and environmental impact calculation, and give priority to renewable, recyclable and reusable building materials, We will design energy production systems and waste water and garbage source recycling systems, implement the construction with carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization as the prerequisite, and promote the sustainable development of China's urban and rural construction.
● formulate carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization plans for the whole industry life cycle of urban and rural construction. Strictly plan the carbon emissions of each industry and stage in the process of urban and rural construction and operation, and promote the sustainable development of urban and rural construction in China. The goal of carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization can be achieved through prefabricated building technology and systematic design.
● explore ways to offset carbon. Partial carbon offset can be realized through the acquisition of green new energy and power resources such as wind, photovoltaic, surge, tide, biology, magnetic force and geothermal energy. Forestry and agricultural planting can also achieve partial carbon offsets. For example, expand forest and crop planting area, and use plant absorption to realize partial carbon offset. Recover the existing carbon emission resources, eliminate greenhouse gases through reuse, and then release them into the atmosphere. For example, the existing landfill methane and other greenhouse gases are collected as renewable energy for power generation, refrigeration and heating to achieve carbon offset.
● strengthen the technical measures for temperature protection and insulation of existing buildings and the application of new materials. Install photovoltaic power generation glass on the daylighting windows of all facades of existing buildings and agricultural facilities, which can not only save energy, but also produce new energy.
● promote intelligent low-carbon construction technology. Smart low-carbon construction technology is a construction technology that adopts new energy-saving technologies to avoid carbon emissions. Smart low-carbon construction technology reduces or even avoids carbon emissions by using low-carbon materials and new technology design, realizes the quantitative calculation of carbon emission reduction indicators, and further realizes the monetization of carbon emission indicators. It can revitalize the stock, statistically review and closely evaluate the existing idle assets, improve the utilization rate of idle buildings, and reduce new projects to reduce the total carbon emissions.
● use prefabricated modular assembly building technology. The use of new prefabricated building construction materials and construction technologies can achieve a perfect combination of advantages such as safety, efficiency, speed, low cost, environmental protection, recyclability, customer customized production and manufacturing, so as to reduce the overall construction man hours by 70% ~ 80% and the total construction cost to the same price as the traditional construction method. Prefabricated modular assembly building technology is a new and systematic building manufacturing method. The internal and external structures, enclosure systems, equipment, pipelines, components, etc. of the buildings manufactured by this technology are prefabricated, produced and processed by the factory according to the design accuracy. All the modular components are transported to the construction site, configured in the corresponding units of the building according to the design drawings, and assembled into a complete building. Prefabricated modular assembly building technology can carry out unified digital management in the whole industry chain and improve the comprehensive quality of buildings. In the manufacturing process, it can not only reduce the number and cost of labor, but also reduce water and electricity consumption and noise pollution. It is also more efficient and energy-saving in the use link. At the same time, compared with the traditional construction method, it can effectively shorten the construction period.
● promote intelligent digital management and operation. To implement intelligent digital management and operation, it is necessary to adopt intelligent assembly building technology to help monitor, evaluate and count energy consumption and carbon emission data, so as to promote buildings to reduce the high consumption and invalid use of energy and avoid or reduce carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of buildings. Specific measures include: installing intelligent meters, sensors, sensors and related systems, etc., conducting intelligent detection and evaluation in real time, making statistics on the changes in energy demand of the building, and adjusting the changes to the best state accordingly. The higher stage of intelligent digital management and operation is the efficient production of clean new energy. If all buildings can independently produce clean new energy, it will not only realize low-carbon and environmental protection, but also have strategic security significance and practical value for national defense.
● make full use of the space of buildings and supporting facilities for function implantation and expansion. Strengthen the comprehensive utilization of the external facade and internal idle space of buildings and supporting facilities, and realize the integration of aesthetic decoration, heat preservation and energy conservation, new energy production and other functions with buildings and supporting facilities.
Looking for implied carbon emissions
In the whole process of urban and rural construction and the life cycle of buildings and supporting facilities, each link will generate carbon emissions. It is necessary to monitor, evaluate, count and digitally manage the carbon emissions implied in each link, and include them in the carbon emission indicators for reward or punishment. The author believes that the following measures can be taken to reduce the implied carbon emissions.
If necessary, reduce or gradually limit the use of non renewable raw materials with high carbon emissions. When raw materials with high carbon emissions are used, comprehensive carbon emissions and digital management and operation assessment of environmental protection and energy conservation shall be conducted to scientifically judge their feasibility.
China's prefabricated building technology is still developing. When studying the best carbon Neutralization Solution for prefabricated buildings, the common understanding and participation of all professionals in the industry wide management, operation, design, manufacturing, installation and other teams is essential. If we can't mitigate climate change and reduce carbon emissions, the chain reaction of climate and environmental degradation will undoubtedly affect everyone's daily life. In the future, as people's understanding of climate and environmental protection continues to deepen, we must take action. Carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization planning are effective solutions to achieve urban-rural integration, Rural Revitalization and planning and construction of emerging industries.
