At present, 70% of the tower cranes in use in China are used by leasing. However, because China ’s tower crane leasing enterprises are still in the initial stage of development and have a large industrial base, most tower crane leasing enterprises are relatively small in scale and lack of professionals. Safety management and other enterprises have poor management. Many leasing enterprises have the phenomenon of "only rent regardless". In addition, many tenancy units also have problems with poor safety management. Therefore, tower crane accidents have been increasing year after year.
How do American tower crane leasing companies conduct safety management? According to the information and foreign materials of the investigation of tower crane leasing companies in the United States, the author introduces the safety management experience of American tower crane leasing companies for the reference of the leasing enterprises and construction companies.
1. Management according to law
There are two ways for tower crane leasing companies in the United States:
1) The lessor leases the tower crane and cooperates with the lease to prepare the fixed-point plan for the tower crane in the construction area, and the tower crane installation and disassembly operation plan. Responsible for the installation and disassembly of the tower crane; responsible for the inspection before the tower crane is out of the warehouse and the inspection and maintenance before and after the tower crane is installed and disassembled. The lessee is responsible for using the tower crane (including the preparation of the fixed-point plan of the tower crane in the construction area, the tower crane installation and disassembly operation plan), and the inspection of the installation and disassembly of the tower crane;
2) General contracting method: the lessor is responsible for the tower crane installation, disassembly plan preparation and installation, use, disassembly, inspection, repair operations (including materials) and other series of work.
Regardless of the leasing method adopted by the tower crane leasing enterprises in the United States, the lessor and the lessee must sign a leasing contract in accordance with the "Technical Guidelines for Construction Machinery Construction Safety" issued by the US Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, etc. The contract needs to be notarized. Clearly stipulate the responsibilities and responsibilities of the lessor and the lessee, and require the two parties to cooperate in accordance with the law and safe construction. After the installation and inspection of the tower crane at the construction site, the personnel of the Labor Standards Supervision Office, together with the lessor and the lessee, shall be inspected and accepted in accordance with the safety regulations.
2. System Management
(l) Personnel system: the on-site management personnel of the lessor has on-site agents and is responsible for the safety and sanitation (site hygiene and civilized construction) management of the construction site, as well as the project supervisor (and project instructor) on behalf of the tower crane leasing enterprise. The establishment of qualification certification system for tower crane leasing enterprises is responsible for technical training, checking the quality of hoisting, and improving the service level and engineering quality according to the "IS09001" standard. The lessee must have a project (construction) commander.
(2) Meeting system: According to the provisions of the lease contract, on-site agents, project supervisors and project commanders shall regularly hold coordination meetings to solve problems between the two parties in tower crane leasing and construction, prevent and handle accidents, and improve Tower crane construction safety and construction quality.
(3) Planning system: In order to ensure scientific and orderly management of tower crane safety, the tower crane lessors and charterers in the United States have a strict system for preparing plans. content include:
1) Tower crane installation and demolition plan: the lessee project command post shall select the appropriate lease tower crane model according to the project characteristics, operating requirements, environmental conditions and demolition requirements, and determine the fixed location of the tower crane and the basic form of the tower crane;
2) Tower crane operation procedure plan: According to the instructions and precautions provided by the tower crane manufacturer and the survey situation of the tower crane operation area and the surrounding area, the lessee engineering command post compiles the tower crane operation procedure plan and clarifies the daily operation content;
3) Compile the tower crane operation organization table: clarify the command and command system of all tower crane operation systems (installation, use, disassembly, repair, etc.), and clarify the responsibilities of the lessor and the lessee.
3. Training Management
American tower crane leasing companies and construction companies attach great importance to employee technical training, and have a qualification certification system, vouchers to work, and regular follow-up surveys and assessments. Among them, the technical training for tower crane drivers is characterized by requiring drivers to have comprehensive skills including safety management skills. The main skills include:
1) Before the start of the operation, you can put forward opinions and suggestions on the operation content, operation methods, signals, and command and order systems, and when you confirm, you can master it;
2) Having received basic mechanical knowledge education to deal with the failure, when the tower crane fails, it can analyze the cause and quickly repair or cooperate with the repairman to repair;
3) Auxiliary equipment such as wireless communication equipment, TV cameras and other tower cranes can be used. Grasp the tower crane's safe co-rotation method to avoid collision with surrounding objects;
4) Master the maintenance methods of the tower crane, and can make reasonable suggestions, corresponding to typhoons (wind speed> 30m / s) and earthquakes (intensity level 4 or higher). Can master preventive measures and subsequent inspection methods. When the disaster occurs, it can report to the engineering headquarters in time and assist in repair.
4. Technical management (including maintenance management)
The technical management scope (including maintenance management) of the US leasing industry includes the following:
1) Provide detailed technical information: When renting the tower crane to the lessee, the leaser should provide detailed technical information to the lessee. Its main contents include: a. Current status of the tower crane (technical parameters), technical characteristics, precautions for use, and high efficiency 3. Safety construction methods (including technical know-how summarized by the lessor); b. Tower crane maintenance and accident records; c. Provide the required technical information for the lessee to prepare installation, disassembly, operation plan and process plan.
2) Strict maintenance: a. The leased tower crane must be strictly repaired before returning to the leasing enterprise. The tower crane in the United States is equipped with a timer, which can record the operation time. The leasing enterprise performs various levels of maintenance according to the technical information and operation conditions provided by the tower crane manufacturer. Mainly through contact and cooperation with the tower crane production plant, inspection and repair, replacement of failed parts according to the production plant standard, and learning advanced maintenance technology with experienced maintenance units. Regularly repair the main components of the tower crane, such as the tower body, boom, lifting mechanism, crane structure, steel wire rope, hook, electrical control device, etc .; remove the coating and inspect the important steel structure parts (using ultrasonic , Coloring method, etc., check for cracks, etc.); b. The tower crane entering the warehouse must be inspected after strict maintenance, and carry out a trial operation (no load). Only after the test is qualified can the warehouse be leased; c. After installation on site, for tower cranes with a lifting capacity of more than 3t, "the three parties including the lessor, the lessee, and the labor standard temporary supervision personnel shall be inspected and tested according to the specifications in accordance with the specifications. Only qualified towers can be put into operation. After the tower crane is installed, according to the agreement signed in advance, the joint inspection by the lessor and the lessee or the self-inspection of the lessee, and the load test at 1.25 times the rated lifting weight, can be put into operation after passing; d. In addition to the daily inspection, the tower crane also carries out monthly maintenance. In the inspection, the driver must work with the maintenance personnel. The faults found in the inspection and the inspection must be repaired in time and cannot be run with disease; e Other: in Victoria When repainting in the middle, the choice of coatings should consider the use environment of the tower crane, and choose anti-corrosion coatings, such as tower cranes that often operate in coastal and chemical plant areas. The coatings selected should have resistance to salt spray or other chemical corrosion factors. Coatings to prevent corrosion of the metal structure of the tower crane and cause safety accidents. In addition, leasing companies also advocate the use of newer technologies to transform existing tower cranes to improve their safety and advancedness.
V. Conclusion
From the above, it can be seen that the characteristics of the safety management of American tower crane leasing enterprises are: strengthening the division of labor and lessee cooperation on the basis of the legal system, clarifying their respective responsibilities, benign interaction, and striving to improve their own safety management level, Therefore, the accident rate of the tower cranes leased by the United States is low, which is a day when the parties to the lease are mutually beneficial and win-win. During my inspection in the United States, I saw that the safety management of construction sites in the United States was methodical. “Safety first” warning signs and safety signs were everywhere. There was no stumbling construction waste on the site. Even small pieces of wood were collected and tied up neatly. The undulating internal climbing cranes with red and white stripes intersecting with the receiving materials stand up in the building, lifting heavy objects safely, forming a beautiful landscape in the city. The safety management practices of American tower crane leasing enterprises can be used for reference by our country's tower crane leasing industry and leasing enterprises. It is recommended that China's tower crane leasing industry and leasing (construction) enterprises strengthen the safety management of tower cranes in accordance with China's national conditions, reverse the current status of "only rent small pipes", and reduce the accident rate. Regarding the maintenance of leasing tower cranes, leasing companies and large leasing companies affiliated with manufacturing plants in China generally have equipment maintenance capabilities. For small and medium-sized leasing enterprises without equipment maintenance capabilities, it is recommended to cooperate with equipment maintenance outsourcing companies to resolve leasing towers. Maintenance problems.
