At present, China is the world's largest construction machinery production and marketing country and stock market. However, the export scale of second-hand construction machinery equipment in China is relatively small, which is mainly due to the asymmetric transaction information between the buyer and the seller, the lack of service supporting facilities and channels and so on. Therefore, Hunan Free Trade Zone promotes the export of second-hand construction machinery equipment through a series of innovative measures. On October 30, the first export of second-hand equipment after the launch of the new deal was officially declared, and it is planned to leave Hong Kong and export to Uganda in early November.
Enjoy the export tax rebate, and the export power of second-hand equipment of construction machinery is more sufficient
In the conference room of a construction machinery manufacturer in Changsha, Hunan, Li Sha is making a final schedule with her colleagues on a second-hand rotary drilling rig to be exported to Uganda. In consideration of cost, the customer wants to purchase a second-hand rotary drilling rig with a machine age of no more than two years and good working conditions.
Li Sha, deputy general manager of Shanhe intelligent international marketing company: our whole price including tax is 2.5 million yuan, plus Shanghai transportation, we undertake the whole transportation. The price of the same new machine is about 3.2 million yuan, plus Shanghai freight. The gap of 700000 yuan is very attractive to these customers in the international market.
Peng Ying, head of Shanhe intelligent second-hand equipment export project, said that the refurbishment and export of this recycled second-hand equipment is catching up with the new policy on the export of second-hand equipment of innovative construction machinery in Hunan free trade zone. The biggest difference is that second-hand equipment can also enjoy export tax refund like new machines. In this way, they have more enthusiasm and motivation to export second-hand equipment. Peng Ying said that now, "trade in" has become a major way of domestic construction machinery sales. Therefore, production enterprises like them have not only sold new machines, but also recovered a large number of second-hand equipment. They urgently need to sell them as soon as possible to recover funds.
The transaction evaluation is not standardized, and the after-sales service is short
Second hand equipment export needs to improve the industrial chain
At present, there is still a lack of clear industry norms and standards in the evaluation and pricing of second-hand equipment of construction machinery in China; After selling, due to the lack of a perfect industrial chain, there are some shortcomings in after-sales service. These factors are also the obstacles and risks faced by the export of second-hand construction machinery equipment.
Chen Baocheng is the head of a trading company. He has been engaged in the construction machinery industry for 20 years. A few years ago, he was optimistic about the development opportunities of the construction machinery stock market and began to export second-hand equipment. Chen Baocheng said that due to the different needs of each overseas customer, and as a trader, he does not have his own source of goods like the main engine factory, so it is the most complicated thing to find suitable second-hand equipment for customers. It took his company half a year to purchase these second-hand concrete pump trucks in the open space in front of him from many cities in China.
Since there is no evaluation and pricing standard, once the second-hand equipment with inconsistent information and poor working conditions is purchased in the procurement, it will greatly increase the cost of traders and affect export transactions. In addition, as the parts of second-hand equipment of construction machinery are made in China, there are few domestic parts in foreign channels, the level of technicians is not high, and there is no professional after-sales warranty, which makes the after-sales service of second-hand equipment imperfect.
Industry insiders suggested that we should improve the after-sales service of second-hand equipment of overseas construction machinery, and cooperate and share the resources of OEMs and traders.
Second hand engineering equipment can be used only by renovation without overhaul. What is the difference between equipment renovation and overhaul? Xiao Bian tells you.
What is renovation?
Strictly speaking, refurbishment refers to a process method that only keeps the basic parts of the equipment, updates all moving parts, and finally restores its manufacturing standards. It is at the highest level in the field of construction machinery maintenance.
Some experts believe that the maintenance of construction machinery within its service life can be divided into three levels. The highest level is renovation. It is the disassembly and reorganization of the whole machine and belongs to the category of remanufacturing. Each refurbished equipment is refurbished from inside to outside, from machinery to electronics, so as to ensure that the performance index of the equipment reaches or even exceeds the standard of new equipment (original machine). Secondly, it is generally referred to as equipment maintenance, which is a means to replace all damaged parts on the basis of maintenance of main components, so as to restore the main function and normal working state of the equipment. The lowest level is the simple maintenance of mechanical equipment, that is, the maintenance and lubrication of the equipment to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition.
Difference between refurbishment and overhaul
Equipment overhaul is mainly based on repair, while refurbishment is mainly based on the renewal of moving parts and the renewal of basic parts. It is the concept of "repair" and "replacement". Refurbishment refers to the overall disassembly of the whole machine, and the re detection and new treatment of all basic components according to the original parts standard, including the processing of unqualified shaft holes, crack detection and correction, so as to restore all parts of the machine to the original size, and then reassemble and test with new moving parts to meet or basically meet the original standards.
In addition, technology upgrading is also a major feature of the renovation, which can optimize the equipment performance through the improvement of the original control system and executive components. For example, Jinan Fuqiang Power Co., Ltd. can refurbish and remanufacture the Steyr engine lower than the Euro II standard to make it meet the Euro II standard. Maintenance is a technical measure taken to maintain the good technical condition and normal operation of the product in the use stage. It is often random, in-situ and acute.
Maintenance and refurbishment follow different principles in the replacement of parts. Equipment overhaul is more about correcting damaged parts. For example, the pin shaft of a certain part of the equipment should have been in transition fit, but with wear, it may have reached the range of clearance fit. At this time, refurbishment is to replace parts to solve this problem, while overhaul is to install washers Sleeve way to restore the original transition fit.
From the flow direction after equipment renovation, renovation can be divided into customized renovation and pre-sale renovation. Customized refurbishment refers to a service mode in which the equipment is refurbished through user customization and then returned to the user. This kind of renovation is a service behavior carried out by the renovation manufacturer on the basis of consultation with users, which is similar to overhaul.
During the whole renovation process, users supervise every link of the renovation. Some parts that have not reached the service life can be retained according to their own wishes. The manufacturer provides reference opinions, and explains the possible service conditions of the equipment after repair and whether the enterprise can provide quality assurance. Pre sale renovation refers to the renovation for the purpose of selling second-hand equipment. Because the refurbished equipment has no specific customers predicted, the enterprise can only carry out strict refurbishment inspection according to certain manufacturer standards, formulate corresponding technical instructions, indicate the basic technical parameters such as engine power, and then enter the market as a kind of equipment between the new machine and the traditional second-hand construction machinery.
After the second-hand equipment is bought back from the user in the refurbishment process, the refurbishment manufacturer shall comprehensively collect and check the previous use data of the equipment, including use time, working environment, maintenance records, etc. After that, all the equipment shall be disassembled for flaw detection of all basic components, and then the engine, hydraulic system, electrical system, chassis and other working accessories of the equipment shall be renewed in an all-round way. Finally, add new moving parts for assembly, and the whole machine can be sold after passing the performance test. At present, almost all enterprises engaged in equipment renovation have formulated a set of inspection standards for refurbished equipment with reference to the factory standards of new machines, and provided a certain equipment warranty period accordingly.
However, not every equipment or any period of each equipment is suitable for renovation. Equipment with low technical added value, short service life and low value is not suitable for renovation. Experts also suggested that if the cost of equipment renovation exceeds 65% of the value of the new machine, there is no renovation value. At present, the whole machine renovation business is more concentrated on imported equipment with high value and high technology, such as large mining equipment, milling machine, paver and hydraulic excavator.
Circulation system and market value of refurbished equipment
Sources of old equipment from the current market situation, the old equipment used for renovation mainly comes from four ways.
The first is the equipment during overhaul. Like some imported equipment, many equipment have been used for about 10 years, with low work efficiency, high fuel consumption and frequent maintenance, which has caused a lot of inconvenience to users. On the one hand, users have high loyalty to the equipment, and the equipment has not entered the scrapping stage and is not willing to be scrapped. On the other hand, overhaul can not completely solve the existing problems of the equipment. Renovation is needed to improve the service performance of the equipment instead of frequent maintenance.
The second is to trade in the old for the new. In recent years, after mortgage and other sales methods, the old for new as a sales method closer to users has won the favor of users and sellers. With the development of trade in business, manufacturers and dealers have accumulated a certain amount of second-hand construction machinery to be sold. At this time, renovation provides them with a more mature business method of second-hand construction machinery.
The third is market recycling. With the continuous development of the second-hand market, professional second-hand equipment operators are gradually increasing. They operate second-hand equipment by recycling old equipment in the domestic and foreign markets. However, general equipment maintenance can not guarantee the efficiency and safety of second-hand construction machinery. Due to the lack of quality inspection ability, enterprises dare not provide quality assurance, resulting in unsalable equipment, which requires second-hand construction machinery operators to apply better technology and process for the new treatment of old equipment.
The fourth is the exit of financial leasing equipment. As a new way of equipment sales, financial leasing is gradually rising in China's construction machinery industry. Although it has not had a significant impact on the second-hand equipment market, we can predict that in a few years, when a large number of financial leasing contracts expire one after another, some leased equipment will enter the second-hand construction machinery market for renovation. At present, in the domestic market, the renovation business of the first two kinds of equipment is carried out more, and the latter two are rare.
Market value of refurbished equipment
Most refurbishment manufacturers believe that if the new machine market is called the first market, the refurbished equipment is just in the second market. Compared with the traditional overhauled second-hand construction machinery, the mechanical performance of the refurbished equipment can basically meet or even exceed the standard of the new machine (original factory equipment), and its construction efficiency and safety performance are not inferior to the new machine, but far lower than the new machine in price. The survey results of manufacturers engaged in renovation business show that the actual price of refurbished equipment is between 50% and 70% of the price of new machines, while the price of self owned equipment sent by users to manufacturers for renovation is only about 30% of that of new machines.
Obtaining high performance and high reliability at a low price is a major basis for the existence of renovation business. In addition to the renovation of users' own equipment, the focus of second-hand construction machinery users in purchasing refurbished equipment is still on the high cost performance of the equipment. In addition to the price factor, work efficiency, reliable performance and after-sales service are also the most important factors that enterprises consider when purchasing second-hand equipment. Due to its reliable technical performance, the refurbished equipment has the potential of a new machine. At present, most refurbished manufacturers will provide a warranty period of about one year for the refurbished equipment sold. In terms of parts supply and maintenance services, the same standards as the new machine are also implemented, which greatly facilitates users.
Customer group
Refurbished second-hand construction machinery has its advantages in price and performance, and will naturally be favored by users in the second-hand market. From the perspective of the market flow of refurbished equipment, the refurbished equipment is mainly faced with such users after strict inspection, namely, original equipment users, small and medium-sized second-hand construction machinery users, lessors, etc. In addition, there are many refurbished equipment flowing into the international market. In addition to providing renovation services for its major domestic users, such as Antaibao coal mine, Tianjin west also carries out the renovation business of second-hand construction machinery and equipment around the world.
Main body of equipment renovation
Equipment renovation is different from equipment maintenance in a simple sense. It has high standards in maintenance resource allocation and organization setting. It is generally believed that equipment renovation enterprises should have complete technical data of refurbished equipment, senior technical personnel, various processing and testing equipment and other conditions.
At present, the main body of refurbished second-hand construction machinery business is mainly concentrated between equipment manufacturers and large agents. From a technical point of view, the manufacturer has great advantages, complete data, mature technology and complete processing equipment. In terms of the use process of the equipment, the agents have a slight advantage. After the equipment is sold from the agent store, they have always undertaken after-sales service. They are more clear about the equipment failure, have complete technical data and strong equipment maintenance system, and their control over the renovation process is more practical. In addition, large maintenance enterprises with strong technical strength may also become a member of the renovation team. It is believed that under their joint promotion, the renovation technology will gradually mature.
Explore the construction of standardization system and develop a $100 billion market
It is predicted that in the future, the export of second-hand equipment of China's construction machinery will reach US $100 billion a year, and the market prospect is broad. The construction of standardization system is very important for the healthy and orderly development of industry. At present, Hunan is actively exploring the establishment and improvement of relevant standards.
For the construction of the standardization system for the export of second-hand construction machinery equipment, three important standards should be established first: the first is the value evaluation guide for exported equipment, the second is the after-sales service specification, and the third is the quality appraisal specification. At present, these three standards are facing some difficulties when they are formulated. For example, the export standards for second-hand equipment of construction machinery are basically missing in both domestic and international markets, which will lead to the lack of unified basis for inspection, quality evaluation and financing in the whole industry. In addition, the importing country of second-hand equipment of construction machinery will have its own emission or quality requirements. How to formulate standards to meet the needs of international customers according to its own products requires more understanding of the international market.
At present, the export level of second-hand equipment of construction machinery in China is low. There is still a certain gap between domestic leading enterprises of construction machinery and well-known enterprises such as the United States, Germany and Japan. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously expand the export of domestic second-hand construction machinery equipment, improve the share of domestic construction machinery enterprises in the international market, encourage enterprises to improve brand value, and participate in the construction of global construction machinery equipment supply chain, innovation chain and value chain.
