In the course of the development of the shovel in the last hundred years, with the fierce commercial competition, several big mining equipment manufacturers have been formed in the United States, mainly including Visser Los, Marion and Hani Scherfig. Visser Los (BUCYRUS) international company was founded in 1880, and the first track type (non rotary) steam excavator was launched in 1882. In 1893, the headquarters of the company moved from Bucyrus, Ohio to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In the 1904-1914 years, there were 77 steam shovels made by the Panama Canal, which participated in the construction of the city. Since then, a number of steam shovel companies have been merged. In 1927, the company merged with Erie steam shovel company, and the company was renamed BUCYRUS-ERIE (B-E). By 1929, the company has produced more than 10 thousand excavators and cranes, making it one of the world's largest mining machinery manufacturers. In 1930, the company merged with Ruston Hornsby, and began to turn from steam shovel to production shovel. By 1948, there were more than 74 thousand products in the company. In 1969, beerlos made the world's largest 4250W type stepping shovel, weighing 12258 tons, with an astonishing 168.2 cubic meters of capacity. In 1981, the first generation AC power supply system was started on the 395B electric shovel by the company. In 1996, it was renamed as the international company of Marion, and merged with the world's second largest shovel manufacturer in 1997, the power shovel company of Marion.
Marion (Marion), the United States, originated from Marion steam excavator, Ohio, founded in 1884, and later developed as a world famous mining equipment manufacturer. In 1903, 24 steam shovels made by Marion took part in the construction of the Panama Canal. In 1911, Marion developed a rotary long arm electric shovel and participated in the construction of Hoover dam in 1931. In 1939, Marion developed the first stride shovel, and only three years later, it made the largest shovel at that time and became an important manufacturer of the large coal stripping shovel. In April 1946, the company was renamed the Marion power shovel company, and purchased the Osgood steam shovel company in 1955. In 1965, the world's largest Marion 6360 electric shovel has been produced. The supergiant weighs 13600 tons and is used for the Captain open pit mine in Illinois, with a capacity of 138 cubic meters.
In March 1963, Marion received a contract from the United States National Aeronautics and Astronautics Agency (NASA) to build 2 "Crawler" carts for the Saturn 5 giant rocket in Apollo's lunar program. This is the largest tracked vehicle in the world, 41.2 meters long, 34.7 meters wide, 6.1 meters high, and 2722 tons of self weight. When transporting Saturn 5, the maximum gross weight was 8200 tons. When transporting the shuttle, it weighed about 7950 tons (space shuttle + mobile platform). The walking mechanism consists of 4 groups of 8 caterpillar tracks, each track 12.6 meters long and 2.3 meters wide. At a speed of 1.6 kilometers per hour, the spacecraft is slowly transported from the test plant to the launching site 5.5 kilometers away. The two machines still work well.
In 1985, Marion introduced the M-301 type 44 cubic meter electric shovel, which was used to match the 240 short ton mine truck, and upgraded to M-351 type in 1995. Marion was bought by Bucyrus in 1997, but the factory was closed, but the brand remained. Thus ending the fierce competition for 113 years between the two heavyweight rivals. Through the acquisition of Marion, Marion joined more than 120 running Marion La shovels into his own equipment, making Visser Los a large number of technical data related to design ideas, and Marion's historical data. In 1999, based on the Marion M-351 electric shovel, the company launched the 595B type electric shovel, with a maximum bucket capacity of 65.3 cubic meters and a weight of 1179 tons. All 595B type shovels run in the oil sand mine of Suncor Energy, Canada. The 495 series is the largest electric shovel model currently available in the company, including 495HD (high load), 495HF (high flotation) and 495HR (hard rock) version. Among them, the 495HF type shovel bucket capacity is 61.2 cubic meters, and the working weight is 1412 tons. In 2000, the design of the 795B type electric shovel was introduced in the case of 68.8 cubic meters of bucket capacity and a working weight of 2041 tons, but the model still remains on the drawings.
P&H is the world's leading mining and mining equipment company. In December 1884, Henry Hani Shi Fei and the P&H Pawling Harnischfeger company founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1887, they built the first electric bridge crane and became one of the world's earliest manufacturers of electric lifting appliances. In 1903, the P&H workshop was destroyed by fire. The next year it purchased 20 mu to build a new factory. After the outbreak of World War I, P&H began producing mining and construction machinery. They developed the backhoe excavator and the world's first gasoline engine powered shovel. By 1930, the number of employees has increased to 1500. After the outbreak of World War II, P&H was further developed. They produced cranes, winches, and excavators to make tanks, artillery, aircraft carriers and construction projects. And in Michigan, Illinois, California and other places to build new factories. After 50s, P&H entered the overseas market and worked with Kobelco, Rhine, Germany, and other enterprises to produce cranes and excavators. In 1956, P&H became a listed company in the United States. In 1969, it launched the 2800 type electric shovel, with 39.2 cubic meters of bucket capacity, 1084 tons of work and 3089 kilowatts of total power.
The explosion of oil crisis in 70s stimulated the world's coal demand, and P&H's sales volume of mining machinery increased sharply. In 1978, P&H introduced the 5700 type electric shovel, which was the largest double shoe shovel in the world. P&H 5700 made 5 units. The first one was LR type. The initial installed capacity was only 19.4 cubic meters, but the arm length reached 27 meters and the working weight was 1600 tons. It worked for 13 years in Captain mine, Illinois, moved to the Ruffner mine in West Virginia in 1991 and upgraded to a HR (hard rock) type, replacing a 33.6 cubic meter of shovel and a shorter main arm. The second unit was shipped to Australia in 1981, with an arm length of 21 meters, a capacity of 46 cubic meters, and a working weight of 1667 tons. Third sets were mounted on the barge and sank into the sea. The other two are also in Australia, upgraded to 5700XPA, with a capacity of more than 61 cubic meters and a working weight of 1905 tons, thus continuing to maintain the position of the world's largest double caterpillar shovel.
In 1981, P&H mining machinery sales amounted to US $646 million. But at this point, the global economy once again plunged into depression, and P&H suffered heavy losses and was forced to restructure its business. In 1986, P&H acquired Bello, Beloit, a pulp and paper machinery manufacturer established in 1858. The acquisition enabled P&H to flourish again, and by 1990 Bello Etter's sales had reached $1 billion 100 million. P&H's electric shovel business is also recovering. In 1991, the 4100 series of electric shovels were launched. The series is the largest type of electric shovel produced by P&H company. It has been upgraded to type 4100XPC, the whole machine weight is 1491 tons, the bucket capacity is 67.6 cubic meters, the total power is 4979 kilowatts, and it can cooperate with the 172-363 ton grade mining vehicle.
Ural Heavy Machinery Factory (built in 1932) is Russia's largest heavy-duty machine factory. During the Stalin period, the Soviet Union built this heavy heavy plant in Yekaterinburg, Siberia, and Jiang Jingguo was deputy director of the factory. In 1947, the Ural heavy machinery plant was made of -3 3 m3 crawler shovel. In 1949, Ural heavy machinery plant launched a stepping shovel with an arm length of 65 meters and a capacity of 14 cubic meters for the construction of the Volga and Don river canal. In 1979, a shovel with an arm length of 100 meters and a capacity of 100 cubic meters was built for Krasnoyarsk mine. The machine weighs 10300 tons, with an input voltage of 10000 volts and a 4 2500 kilowatt motor. In 1980, the Ural heavy machinery plant made two -20 20 m3 power shovels. The No. 1 shovel is used in the nirnengel open coal mine. In 1996, the -12 type 12 cubic meter electric shovel was introduced. In 2006, a 25.9 cubic meter electric shovel was made for the Xibo OBO coal mine in Mongolia. In 2007, Ural heavy machinery plant began developing the 18 -18 cubic meter electric shovel. At present, the mining machinery produced by Ural Heavy Machinery Group mainly includes 10-20 cubic meters of electric shovels and 11-100 cubic meters of giant dragline. In addition, the Russian heavy machinery associates (OMZ) mining equipment technology company can produce EKG series shovels with a bucket capacity of less than 20 cubic meters.
Overall, the US P&H company ranks first in the world in the field of mining electric shovels. The product adopts the gear rack type pushing method, which has the advantages of large digging force, large bucket coefficient, stable excavation performance and long service life of the wearing parts. However, compared with the advanced mechanical structure, its electrical and control systems have been behind the AC inverter motor and its control system because of the use of SCR power supply and DC motor system for many years. By using the steel rope push pressure mode, the bucket adopts the high strength and non torsion structure of the circular section, the newly developed products, the electrical system adopts advanced AC frequency conversion and its control system. The whole machine has a long service life, convenient maintenance and high equipment delivery rate. The electric shovel in Russia is mainly small and medium sized, and the life of the vulnerable parts and the performance of the electric control system need to be improved.
