According to data compiled by the General Administration of Customs, my country's construction machinery import and export trade volume in 2020 was 24.722 billion U.S. dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 12.7%. Among them, the import value was US$3.753 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 7.05%; the export value was US$20.969 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 13.6%; the trade surplus was US$17.216 billion.
The epidemic has severely affected the global economy. In 2020, my country's construction machinery exports will show the largest decline since the financial crisis
In 2020, my country's construction machinery exports will see a significant decline under the influence of the epidemic. The first 9 months have shown a double-digit decline, and the decline has shown an unstable and narrow trend. In October and November, the export volume increased year-on-year. Respectively 0.54% and 6.88%, the export value in December dropped slightly by 1.63%. As the epidemic situation in my country has been brought under control, the situation has gradually improved, and the decline in exports has continued to narrow. The cumulative decline in exports for the year was 13.6%, which was the smallest cumulative decline in each month of the year.
Prior to this, due to the world financial crisis, my country's construction machinery exports fell sharply in 2009, with a drop of 42.6%. After that, exports of construction machinery saw a decline of 4.11% and 10.6% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, which were both smaller than the decline in 2009. Therefore, the new crown epidemic has caused the decline in my country's construction machinery exports to become the largest decline since 2010.
In quarterly terms, exports in the first quarter were US$4.568 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 17.6%; in the second quarter, exports were US$5.161 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 19.7%; exports in the third quarter were US$5.329 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 18%; in the fourth quarter, exports were US$5.91 billion, a year-on-year increase of 1.87 %. In the fourth quarter, exports achieved growth in the current period, and the export market showed a gradual recovery trend.
Domestic market demand continues to recover, and construction machinery imports show a steady recovery trend
Under the influence of the domestic and foreign epidemics, while the export of construction machinery has fallen sharply, imports have shown two different changes in the first and second half of the year following the recovery of the domestic market, from a double-digit decline in January to May to June to August. The single digits fell, and the average increase was achieved in the month after September. The cumulative decline in the first three quarters was in double digits, and the decline in the fourth quarter was in single digits. The decline of 7.05% for the whole year was the smallest in each month.
In quarterly terms, imports in the first quarter were US$820 million, a year-on-year decrease of 25%; imports in the second quarter were US$1.025 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 11.4%; imports in the third quarter were US$937 million, a year-on-year increase of 4.24%; imports in the fourth quarter were US$971 million, a year-on-year increase of 9.27 %.
Imports of complete machines dropped by double digits, and imports of parts and components dropped slightly
In 2020, a total of 1.829 billion U.S. dollars imported construction machinery, accounting for 48.7% of the total import value, a year-on-year decrease of 11%. Among them, the import of various excavators was US$696 million, a year-on-year decrease of 22.7%; the import of forklifts was US$261 million, a year-on-year increase of 0.66%; the import of paver was US$35.61 million, a year-on-year decrease of 1.78%; the import of tunnel boring machines was US$79.28 million, a year-on-year increase 223.7%.
Cumulative imported parts and components totaled US$1.924 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 2.98%. The decline in imports of parts and components is smaller than that of the whole machine.
Among the imported complete machines, the main products that have increased in imports are: tunnel boring machines, pile drivers and engineering drilling rigs, stackers, off-road dump trucks, etc. The main products with the most decline are: crawler excavators, spare parts, concrete pump trucks, concrete mixing machinery, elevators and escalators. Among them, the import value of crawler excavators decreased by 20.9% and 20.5%, and the import value decreased by US$172 million year-on-year.
Exports of most major products declined
In 2020, the total export of complete machines was 12.868 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 15.2%, accounting for 61.4% of total exports; parts exports were 8.101 billion US dollars, accounting for 38.6% of total exports, a year-on-year decrease of 10.9%.
The main growth products in the export of complete machines are: crawler excavators, tire excavators, tractors, container forklifts, rock drilling machinery and pneumatic tools. The main products with declining exports are: off-highway dump trucks, elevators and escalators, tower cranes, tunnel boring machines, other engineering vehicles, loaders, etc. The export volume of crawler excavators increased by 26.1% and 3.11% respectively, showing different growth rates.
The regional market structure has changed, and the overall demand in the ASEAN market has slowed down
Among the major regional economies, exports to ASEAN were US$3.757 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 17.9%; exports to Japan were US$1.144 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 15.6%. The above-mentioned regions have experienced a large decline in the main target markets, exceeding the decline in overall exports. Exports to South Korea were US$549 million, a year-on-year decrease of 6.75%; exports to India were US$718 million, a year-on-year decrease of 7.61%; exports to the EU were US$3.041 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 9.13%; exports to Africa and Latin America were US$3.284 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 10.3%; Russia’s exports were US$1.165 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 11.3%; exports to the United States were US$2.441 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 11.6%. The decline in these regions was less than the decline in total exports.
Among the main sources of imports: imports from the EU were US$1.458 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 0.83%, accounting for 38.85%; imports from Japan were US$965 million, a year-on-year decrease of 18.5%, accounting for 25.7%; imports from South Korea were US$791 million, a year-on-year increase of 5.22 %, accounting for 21.1%; imports from the United States were 214 million U.S. dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 23.15%, accounting for 5.71%.
Among the continents, exports to Asia were 9.253 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 18.5%, accounting for 44.13%; exports to Africa were 1.942 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 11.4%, accounting for 9.26%; exports to Europe were US$4.562 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 7.99%, accounting for Exports to South America were US$1.342 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 8.67%, accounting for 6.4%; Exports to North America US$2.798 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 12.1%, accounting for 13.3%; Exports to Oceania US$1.073 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 4.7%, accounting for Than 5.11%.
In terms of imports, imports from Asia were US$1.992 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 8.24%, accounting for 53.1%; imports from Europe were US$1.495 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 1.66%, accounting for 39.8%; imports from North America were US$236 million, a year-on-year decrease of 25.9%. Accounted for 6.29%.
The main target markets are more affected by the epidemic, and the BRICS countries are slightly better
In 2020, my country's construction machinery exports to countries along the "Belt and Road" were US$8.973 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 16.8%, accounting for 42.8% of total exports, and the decline was higher than that of total exports.
Exports to BRIC countries were US$2.511 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 9.29%, accounting for 12%. Among them, exports to Russia were 1.165 billion U.S. dollars, down 11.3% year-on-year, and accounted for 5.56% of my country’s global construction machinery market; exports to India were 718 million U.S. dollars, down 7.61% year-on-year, accounting for 3.42%; exports to South Africa were 274 million U.S. dollars, A year-on-year decrease of 15.4%, accounting for 1.31%; exports to Brazil US$354 million, an increase of 0.1% year-on-year, accounting for 1.69%. Except for South Africa, the BRICS countries are all better than average, and Brazil has experienced rare growth in particular.
Among the major export target countries in the world, the top 6 countries: the United States, Russia, Japan, Australia, India, and Vietnam, the declines were 11.6%, 11.3%, 15.6%, 3.31%, 7.61%, and 2.15%, respectively. Among the top 20 exporting countries and regions are Thailand (3.07%), the UAE (7.79%), Brazil (0.1%); the countries and regions that have fallen more are: Japan (-15.6%), Indonesia (-32.9%). %), Canada (-15.4%), the Netherlands (-22.3%), the United Kingdom (-26.4%), Singapore (-37.0%).
The export of complete machine products flows to the Asia-Pacific region, and the parts and components are shifted from developed countries to developing economies.
In 2020, among the major categories of construction machinery in China, excavators are mainly exported to: Russia, South Korea, the United States, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Malaysia, UAE, Australia, the Philippines and Indonesia; loaders are mainly exported to: Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, India, Russia, Hong Kong, the Philippines, the United States, Turkey and Malaysia; bulldozers are mainly exported to: Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Russia, UAE, the United States, Canada, the Philippines, etc.; road rollers are mainly exported to: South Korea, India , Malaysia, Thailand, the United States, Hong Kong, Australia, Russia, Turkey, Indonesia, etc.; pavers are mainly exported to: Russia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, India, etc.; truck cranes are mainly exported to: Russia, the United States, Kazakhstan , Australia, the Philippines, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Vietnam, etc.; crawler cranes are mainly exported to: the Philippines, Vietnam, the United States, Uzbekistan, Russia, Belgium, Thailand, etc.; tower cranes are mainly exported to: Belgium, the United States, Thailand , Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Germany, Australia, Russia, India and South Africa, etc.; forklifts are mainly exported to: Singapore, Russia, France, India, Germany, South Korea, Australia, Taiwan, the United States and Hong Kong, etc.; concrete machinery is mainly exported To: the United States, Russia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Australia, Thailand, Germany, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines; rock drilling machinery and pneumatic tools are mainly exported to: the United States, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, India, Australia, Canada, etc.; Tunnel boring machines are mainly exported to: the United States, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Indonesia, Russia, the Philippines, etc.; off-road bicycles are mainly exported to: the United States, Russia, Malaysia, Australia, UAE, Vietnam, India, Turkey and Indonesia, etc.; parts and components Mainly exported to: Russia, Vietnam, the Philippines, the United States, Uzbekistan, Myanmar, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Indonesia.
The proportion of general trade exports increased, and the proportion of foreign engineering contract exports dropped significantly
In 2020, general trade exports of construction machinery products accounted for 71.5% of total exports, an increase of 1.41 percentage points over the previous year; exports of foreign contracted projects accounted for 2.75%, a year-on-year decrease of 2.88 percentage points; imports of processing exports accounted for 18.3%, a year-on-year decrease of 1.55 Percentage points; leasing trade only accounts for 0.06%. In general trade, the general trade of elevators and escalators, bulldozers, truck-mounted cranes, rock drilling machinery and pneumatic tools, spare parts, truck cranes, concrete machinery, crawler cranes and other products accounted for more than 80% of the export value of such products; non-highway Dump trucks, tower cranes, and other road machinery generally account for 70% to 80% of the trade. Imported materials processing trade exports account for a relatively high proportion of products: forklifts, excavators, tunnel boring machines, road rollers, etc., which accounted for 49.8%, 43.3%, 42% and 30% of the export value of such products respectively.
The main products with a relatively high proportion of exports of foreign contracted projects are: pavers, crawler cranes, off-road dump trucks, etc., which account for more than 10% of the export value of this product, which is 20.6%, 14.8% and 12.9% respectively.
In 2019, my country's foreign contracted engineering business completed a turnover of 119.275 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.6%; from January to October 2020, my country's foreign contracted engineering business completed a turnover of 723.89 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 8.8%.
In 2019, the value of newly signed contracts for my country's foreign contracted engineering business was 1.95.33 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.2%; from January to October 2020, the value of newly signed contracts for my country's foreign contracted engineering business was 105.43 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.5%.
The overall scale of foreign contracted engineering business maintained growth. In 2019, my country's total number of newly signed contracts for foreign contracting projects was 11,932, and the value of newly signed contracts was US$260.25 billion, a year-on-year increase of 7.6%. After the business decline in 2018, the business growth rate resumed again; the completed turnover was US$172.9 billion. A year-on-year increase of 2.3%, slightly higher than the 1% growth rate of the total international business turnover of the 250 ENR listed companies. As of the end of 2019, the foreign contracted engineering business has achieved a cumulative turnover of US$1.76 trillion and newly signed contracts of US$2.58 trillion. The scale of business in the markets along the “Belt and Road” continued to expand. In 2019, companies signed 6,944 new contracts for foreign contracting projects in 62 countries along the “Belt and Road”, with a newly signed contract value of US$154.89 billion, accounting for 59.5% of the newly signed contract value of my country's foreign contracting projects in the same period, a year-on-year increase of 23.1%; Completed turnover of 97.98 billion US dollars, accounting for 56.7% of the total in the same period, an increase of 9.7% year-on-year, which is higher than the overall growth rate of the industry. Power engineering construction and transportation construction are the main areas of cooperation. In terms of completed turnover, in 2019, power engineering construction completed US$24.48 billion, accounting for 25% of the total business; transportation construction completed US$23.33 billion, accounting for 23.8%; general construction and petrochemical projects accounted for 17.7% and 12.5% respectively; Industrial construction, manufacturing and processing facilities business completed a total turnover of 7.34 billion US dollars, accounting for 7.4%.
The business growth of Chinese enterprises in the Asian market has expanded. Judging from the overall business situation of Chinese companies in 2019, the increase in the value of newly signed contracts in the Asian market reversed the downward trend for three consecutive years, reaching US$141.13 billion, an increase of 18.2% year-on-year, accounting for 54.2%; the completed turnover was 98.14 billion The year-on-year growth of the US dollar expanded from 2.7% in the previous year to 8.2%, accounting for 56.8%. Mainly due to the continued improvement of the economic situation of South and Southeast Asian countries, countries vigorously promote infrastructure planning and construction, and Chinese companies have further deepened the Asian market, especially using the PPP/BOT model to operate many "integration of investment, construction and operation in the Asian market." "The project has achieved results. In 2019, the proportion of newly signed contracts and completed turnover of Chinese companies in Southeast Asia both increased compared with the previous year, reaching 39.4% and 41% respectively; the amount of newly signed contracts in West Asia increased by 3.8% compared with the previous year, but completed operations Compared with the previous year, the percentage of total revenue decreased slightly; the percentages of newly signed contracts and completed turnover in South Asia and Central Asia both decreased compared with the previous year.
In 2019, Chinese companies completed a turnover of US$46.01 billion in foreign contracted engineering businesses in the African market, a year-on-year decrease of 5.8%, and the fourth consecutive year of decline since 2016, and the rate of decline has been further increased; the value of newly signed contracts was US$55.93 billion, a year-on-year decrease 28.7%, business development pressure continues to increase. The proportion of the turnover of Chinese enterprises in the African market in the total turnover of the annual foreign contracted projects has decreased year by year since it reached 37.2% in 2014. In 2019, it accounted for 26.6%, and the share of newly signed contracts dropped to 21.5%.
According to the performance of the 250 largest international contractors in the African market released by ENR, since 2015, the business of international contractors in Africa has generally been on a downward trend. Although the scale of Chinese companies' business in Africa is shrinking, the proportion of business in the African market is still gradually increasing. In the 2020 list, my country's listed companies have completed a total turnover of 34.17 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 61.9% of the total, an increase of 1 percentage point from the previous year.
In 2019, Chinese companies’ foreign contracted engineering business in Latin America increased slightly. The value of newly signed contracts was US$19.87 billion, accounting for 7.6% of the total newly signed contracts of foreign contracted projects, a year-on-year increase of 9.0%; the completed turnover was US$11.64 billion, accounting for The completion of foreign contracted projects accounted for 6.7% of the total turnover, a year-on-year decrease of 2.8%. Since the decline in turnover in 2015, the downward trend has slowed down year by year, showing signs of recovery. .
The business performance of Chinese companies in the European region is relatively outstanding. In 2019, the value of newly signed contracts was US$32.31 billion, a year-on-year increase of 125.5%; the completed turnover was US$10.63 billion, a year-on-year increase of 6.1%.
Under the overall framework of "17+1 cooperation", the Chinese government and the governments of Central and Eastern European countries have made accelerating the construction of the interconnection infrastructure in Central and Eastern Europe a priority. At present, they have signed cooperation documents with 17 countries in Central and Eastern Europe to jointly build the "Belt and Road" initiative. Full coverage. In 2019, Chinese companies have made breakthroughs in the Central and Eastern European market. The value of newly signed contracts was US$4.02 billion, and the turnover was US$1.81 billion. The signing of Serbian highway, Hungary-Serbia railway (Novi Sad-Subotica section), Poland Wind power and highways, North Macedonia housing construction and other projects. In addition, Northern Europe has gradually become an important participant in the “Belt and Road” cooperation. Under the influence of the "Belt and Road" initiative, countries such as Finland and Norway have begun to promote the "Arctic Corridor" project.
Trends and recommendations
At the beginning of 2020, the sudden new crown epidemic severely affected the domestic economic operation process and the people's living order. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the domestic epidemic was effectively controlled, work and production resumed rapidly, and the national economy and social life order quickly restored. However, the rapid spread of the global epidemic has caused a severe impact on the global economy.
The import and export of construction machinery in my country has been severely affected. Although the domestic epidemic has been effectively controlled and the import situation has been restored in the second half of the year, due to the difficulty of recovering from external demand, my country's construction machinery exports have always maintained a substantial decline, which has become since the global financial crisis in 2009. The largest decline has not been able to maintain the continued growth of construction machinery exports since 2016, and there has been a decline for the first time in 5 years.
In addition, the environment we face is still complex, the international market competition situation continues to intensify, and trade protection has seriously interfered with normal international trade. my country's construction machinery exports will continue to face complex and difficult situations. Under this circumstance, my country's construction machinery enterprises should steadily promote the construction of the "Belt and Road", steadily advance the pace of internationalization, accelerate the supply-side structural reform, keep up with the changing trend of the international market, adjust the structure of export products, and improve the quality and performance of export products. Continually expand the export of high-tech products that adapt to market changes. At the same time, further improve the after-sales service and spare parts supply system, and gradually enhance the market position and competitiveness of my country's construction machinery products.
In 2021, my country's construction machinery import and export and overseas business will have both challenges and opportunities, full of uncertainties. Based on the new development stage, we will serve to build a new development pattern, go all out to stabilize foreign trade, promote the innovative development of foreign trade, and better play the role of the key hub and main channel of foreign trade connecting domestic and international double cycles and unblocking the global economic cycle. The 14th Five-Year Plan is a good first step.
