The automobile industry in China started late. At the end of 1901, the Hungarian businessman Li Enshi (Leinz) transported two American - made "Oldsmobile" cars from Hongkong to Shanghai, the first time the car was introduced into China. However, under the current situation, our national automobile industry has not been able to develop. By 1930, the number of cars owned by the whole country reached 38484, but none of them was made in China.
In May 31, 1931, the Liaoning mortar factory, with the support of general Zhang Xueliang, introduced technology from the United States to make the Minsheng 75 model truck. This is the first domestic car in our country. The vehicle weighs 1.82 tons, long head and brown, using six cylinder water-cooled gasoline engine, 65 horsepower. Before and after the four round is a single tire with a tread of 4.7 meters, and the maximum speed is 40 kilometers per hour. The first Minsheng brand car has aroused great repercussions in China. However, four months later, the "918" incident broke out and Shenyang fell into the iron hoof of the Japanese aggressors. The first batch of 40 cars and parts to be completed by the Japanese army was towed away. The sprouting of the Chinese national automobile industry was thus strangled.
In March 1934, the manchukan Ministry of industry, in accordance with the intention of the Japanese Guandong army, established the same and automatic car industry Co., Ltd. on the former site of the original Liaoning mortar factory, which should be required to expand the invasion of Japan and engage in repair and assembly of cars. Since then, Japan has established a truck manufacturing plant in Harbin, Changchun and other places. By 1940, the northeast region's automobile production capacity reached thousands of vehicles, and other provinces and cities had only piecemeal trial production. In August 1945, the Soviet Red Army sent troops to the northeast, regarded all the Japanese industry as a booty, and the automobile factory was dismantled. At this point, the world automobile industry has been developing for half a century, but in China, it is still a blank.
After the founding of new China, China began to develop the automobile industry. In July 15, 1953, the first automobile factory in Changchun was built and built an annual output of 30 thousand trucks of 4 tons. In July 13, 1956, the first Jiefang CA10 4 ton truck came off the production line, and China's first automobile industrial base was born. After 1958, 4 basic automobile manufacturing plants, such as Nanjing, Shanghai, Beijing and Ji'nan, became the first batch of local automobile manufacturing plants after technical transformation, and the national auto industry formed a "one big four small" pattern. Due to the development of the automobile industry in China, the focus of the development of medium carrier trucks, military vehicles and modified vehicles has been chosen, and the problem of "lack of weight and light" has emerged from the beginning of the industrial structure. Heavy duty vehicles such as dump trucks still need to be imported from the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries.
However, in the early 60s, the collapse of Sino Soviet relations blocked the import of mining vehicles in China and affected the development of mining and metallurgical industry. In the mid and late 60s, the load capacity of mining dump trucks in Europe and the United States has reached 150 tons, and the development of electric wheel technology has begun. China has obviously lagged behind. At this time, the state put forward the policy of "fighting big mines", and the development of mining dump trucks became the focus of development. In October 1968, one machine department required Shanghai to produce large tonnage dump trucks. In September 1969, Shanghai automobile manufacturers and other units, adopted the national great cooperation mode, trial production of the successful SH380 type 32 tons of mine dump truck, and sent to Beijing to participate in the National Day 20th anniversary parade. This car takes the Belas 540 type 27 ton truck as sample and adopts the 6315-12V diesel engine of Shanghai diesel engine plant, with a rated power of 294 kilowatts. The cargo box is dump and dump by double - cylinder four - stage device, hydraulic torsion mechanical transmission, hydraulic air shock absorber, maximum speed of 50 km, and maximum climbing rate of 36 degrees. In February 1971, it was transferred from Shanghai truck factory to 1980, with a total production of 637 vehicles.
The 32 ton dump truck in Shanghai has been successfully put into operation. In January 1971, a machine department developed a 60 ton CA390 dump truck to Changchun FAW, and completed two rounds of prototype trial production and successful trial production in December 31, 1973. The length of the vehicle is 9.2 meters, 4.6 meters wide, 4.3 meters high, and 43.5 tons of self weight, which is provided by the new machinery plant in Chongqing. FAW later handed over the whole set of drawings and all test data to Benxi heavy machinery plant. In November 15, 1975, the Benxi heavy machinery factory successfully manufactured LN390 type 60 tons dump truck. In addition, Tianjin, Changzhou, Beijing, Gansu and Baiyin and other places have successively trial produced 15-42 tons of mining dump trucks. It alleviated the situation of mining, petrochemical, hydropower, transportation and other departments, and badly needed to load heavy vehicles and accessories.
