Modern cars originated in Germany, and mine cars thrived in the United States. In October 1885, German engineer Carle Benz made the world's first three wheeled vehicle. In 1886, German Daimler became the world's first four wheeled vehicle. Since then, the automotive industry has grown rapidly in Europe and the United States. In October 1896, Daimler, Germany, produced the world's first batch of trucks, weighing 1.2 tons, carrying 1.5 tons, and exported to London, England. After 1900, more and more manufacturers in European and American countries began to make trucks. One world war and other countries' traffic construction, mining, cargo transportation and other activities have greatly promoted the development of trucks. In the fierce commercial competition, vehicle performance is increasing.
In 1917, the Ford truck launched the TT truck chassis, the first chassis designed specifically for trucks. In September 1923, German Mercedes Benz mounted the first 8.8 liter in-line 4 cylinder diesel engine with a power of 45 horsepower on the OB2 5 ton truck. By 1930s, the capacity of steam shovel in mining and engineering construction is getting larger and larger, which requires heavy vehicles to cooperate with them. In January 1934, Ukley de (Euclid) developed the first four wheel hydraulic dumper, Euclid-1Z. The car is 6.4 meters in length, and then dumped from the top of the hydraulic rod. A 100 horsepower gasoline engine is equipped with a drive shaft with a universal joint. It can be used with the steam shovel to transport the residue or ore with a load of 14 tons. This can be said to be the embryonic form of a mine dump truck.
On the basis of large trucks, trolley trolley power supply technology began to transplant to wheeled trucks. For example, in 1938, in the construction of hydropower station in Walter, Italy, electric trucks were used to transport concrete. At that time, there were 16 three axle trucks and 4 double axle tractors on the construction site, all of which were converted to electric drive. The top of the cab is equipped with long collecting poles, which are installed on 650V's DC overhead line to provide electricity for vehicles, and overhead lines are 80 kilometers long. This way can effectively improve the truck's climbing performance.
In 1951, the United States company launched the world's largest Euclid-1LLD dump truck with a capacity of 50 tons. The vehicle adopts three axle and 10 wheel chassis and carries two Cummins diesel engines with a total power of 375 horsepower. In 1958, he used the 3 axle 1LLD dump truck to lengthen the 5 axle and 18 wheels. The load reached 150 tons and set a new world record. The heavy-duty dump truck has greatly improved the mining efficiency of open pit mines. However, most of the open mines are rewinding ramps. In order to improve the economy of heavy truck transportation, the electric drive dump truck arises at the historic moment. American construction machinery legend Redono (R.G.LeTourneau) put forward the idea of diesel engine power multi wheel drive. A DC generator is driven by a diesel engine, and the generated power is transmitted to a hub motor on each wheel to drive the vehicle. This is very similar to the transmission mode of railway locomotives at that time.
In 1959, Retorno converted a TR-60 electric dump truck to Berkeley copper mine in Montana, using overhead power supply technology. The original load of 60 short tons, installed a 335 horsepower Cummins diesel engine, the test found that the power is insufficient, later changed to double engine, the load to 75 short tons (68 tons). Almost at the same time, in January 27, 1960, Unit Rege Unit Rig co operated with GE to develop the first prototype electric wheel prototype. And in the second half of 1963, we began mass production of M85 type 85 short ton (77 tons) electric wheel dump truck. In 1968, the US GE company further improved the structure of electric wheels, integrating motor, transmission system and braking system. This can be repaired on the car and can be replaced as a whole. This design has greatly promoted the development of electric wheel dump trucks.
In 1971, Wabco launched the 3200 model electric wheel prototype with 3 axle 10 wheel structure and 200 tons of rated load. It was improved to 3200B in 1974, and the load capacity was increased to 240 short tons (218 tons). The car led the trend of large tonnage mining trucks, becoming the largest mining vehicle in the world. The vehicle size is 16.5m x 7.3m x 6.1m, weight 170 tons, 12 cylinder low speed diesel engine with GM, maximum power of 2439 horsepower, 10 Goodyear 36.00-51 50PR low voltage tires, two 4 node lifting oil cylinder to complete unloading in 30 seconds. 3200B produced about 48 units, of which 11 were served in the Highland Valley copper mine in Canada.
In 1978, general motors of Canada produced an unprecedented giant car, numbered 33-19, nicknamed "TITAN". The vehicle adopts 3 axle 10 wheel rear unloading structure, and the rated load is 350 short tons (318 tons). The vehicle size is 20.1m * 7.8m * 6.9m and 236 tons. Equipped with GE electric drive system, 16 cylinder diesel engine, maximum power of 3348 horsepower, fuel tank capacity 3632 litres. With 10 40.00-57 giant tyres, the total weight of vehicles and goods reached an astonishing 554 tons. TITAN has served in two mines and needs to use 8 flatbed truck transport components when transferring. Finally, due to the high operating cost, it retired in 1990 and is now located in Sparwood coal mine, British Columbia Province, Canada as a scenic spot. The car, once the world's largest truck, has been in the Guinness world record for 20 years. Until 1998, Caterpillar launched the 797 dump truck to break the record by 326 tons of weight.
