The 2022 "the Belt and Road" clean energy development forum was recently held in Xining City, Qinghai Province. How to achieve innovative development on the power generation side, power grid side and consumption side and promote green and low-carbon has become a hot topic in this forum.
In recent years, Qinghai has vigorously promoted the construction of clean energy industry in combination with its own resource endowment and development advantages. The high proportion of Qinghai's clean energy in the power grid, the improvement of the photovoltaic industry to promote the development, and the innovation of the new power system have become the significant effects of the development of Qinghai's new energy industry. At present, Qinghai is accelerating green and low-carbon development and exploring scientific and technological innovation approaches for the development of new energy industry.
Boost the "double carbon" goal with a high proportion of clean energy and new energy installed capacity
Qinghai, located in the northeast of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, is the birthplace of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River. It has a unique advantage in clean energy resources. It is estimated that Qinghai has more than 100000 square kilometers of desertification land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation and wind farm construction. The theoretical exploitable capacity of photovoltaic resources is 3.5 billion kilowatts, and the exploitable capacity of wind energy technology is 75.55 million kilowatts.
Ten years ago, relying on the local resource advantages, Qinghai began to vigorously cultivate and develop solar energy and wind power generation industries. The results released by State Grid Qinghai electric power company on the forum show that since the 13th five year plan, the average annual growth rate of new energy installed capacity in Qinghai has been 32%. Up to now, the total installed capacity of Qinghai power grid is 43.25 million kilowatts, including 39.33 million kilowatts of clean energy, accounting for 90.9%, and 26.74 million kilowatts of new energy, accounting for 61.8%. Qinghai power grid has become the provincial power grid with the highest proportion of clean energy and new energy in China.
In the first half of this year, Qinghai's clean energy power generation reached 42.67 billion kwh, accounting for 84.8% of the province's total power generation. Among them, the new energy generation capacity was 21.26 billion kwh, accounting for 42.3%; The number of days when the daily power generation of new energy exceeds 100 million kwh is 138, and the number of days when the daily power generation of new energy exceeds hydropower is 96.
The ten million kilowatt new energy base in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is one of the two major new energy industrial bases under construction in Qinghai Province. In the past 10 years, the base has completed a total investment of 123.7 billion yuan, settled 84 photovoltaic and wind energy enterprises, and the installed capacity of new energy exceeded 20 million kilowatts, forming a clean energy development mode of "five in one" of water, wind, light, storage and geothermal.
"On June 26, 2022, Hainan photovoltaic power generation Park and water light complementary power station were officially certified by Guinness World Records, becoming the photovoltaic power generation park with the largest installed capacity and the water light complementary power station with the largest installed capacity in the world." Zhang Zhenfei, deputy director of the development and Reform Commission and director of the Energy Bureau of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, said that the planned area of this base is 609 square kilometers.
Based on the excellent energy structure, Qinghai Province has implemented the "green power" action every year since 2017. In the first five years, the accumulated clean power supply was 25.156 billion kwh, equivalent to reducing 11.43 million tons of coal and 20.58 million tons of carbon dioxide.
From June 25 to July 29 this year, Qinghai once again launched the 35 day "green power five week" activity, using renewable energy such as wind, light and water to supply power, and achieving "zero emission" of electricity for production and living. The clean energy power generation in the "green power action" has reached 9.975 billion kwh, which is equivalent to reducing 4.534 million tons of coal and 8.161 million tons of carbon dioxide.
Photovoltaic industry drives economic development and ecological improvement
With the breeze blowing in summer, ye duo, a herdsman who lived in Tara beach of Gonghe County from childhood, walked into the green industry development park on Tara beach with water cups and food on his back. The dark blue photovoltaic panels are shining under the sunshine. "Photovoltaic sheep" sometimes eat the grass under the photovoltaic panels and sometimes run and chase.
Ye duo, 46, is from helesi village, Tiegai Township, Gonghe County. "Tara beach used to be a barren beach. The wind blows stones all over the ground, let alone grass." Ye duo told the reporter that sandstorm seriously restricted the development of local animal husbandry, and the change occurred after the construction of the photovoltaic power station.
Since 2012, relying on abundant light resources and large-area desertification land resources, Hainan prefecture has vigorously promoted the construction of a 10 million kilowatt new energy base. With the continuous development, more than 300 square kilometers of photovoltaic power generation park has been built on Tara beach, and more than 60 photovoltaic enterprises have settled in the park. It has become a 10 million kilowatt solar power generation park.
Dense photovoltaic panels block the wind and sand, and the evaporation of surface water is greatly reduced under the shelter of photovoltaic panels. The operation and maintenance personnel use professional cleaning equipment to wash and clean the photovoltaic panels. At the same time, they also replenish water for the land below and promote vegetation restoration.
The monitoring data shows that compared with the average value before the construction of the photovoltaic Park, the wind speed of Tara beach has decreased by 50%, the soil water evaporation has decreased by 30%, and the vegetation coverage has also recovered to more than 80%.
The ability of grassland to conserve water has been improved, and land desertification has been curbed. "Grass grows disorderly, blocking the photovoltaic panel, affecting the power generation efficiency, and it is easy to cause fire in winter." Wang Chongyang, deputy director of Gonghe power station of Huaneng Qinghai Power Generation Co., Ltd., said that a power station needs to be weeded at least twice a year, and the company spends nearly 2 million yuan on Weeding in a year.
"Instead of hiring people to mow the grass, it's better to let the herdsmen graze the sheep." Chen Liedong, Secretary of the Party branch of xiahelesi village, said that in 2015, Tiegai Township signed a grazing agreement with the power generation enterprises in the park, and the herdsmen in xiahelesi village began to graze in the photovoltaic Park in an orderly manner. The mode of "complementary grazing and light" was gradually pushed forward.
In order to enable the sheep to eat grass unimpeded, the park staff raised the ground clearance of the photovoltaic module from the original 50 cm to 120 cm, opened the "green channel" for the sheep, and realized "power generation on the board and sheep raising under the board".
At present, the number of cattle and sheep raised in the photovoltaic power station in Hainan State has reached more than 22000, and the mode of "grazing and light complementation" is constantly developing; The new energy power generation zone has provided 3349 public welfare jobs for surrounding villages, solved the employment of herdsmen, and helped Rural Revitalization.
New power system enabled by intelligent technology application
Due to the intermittence and fluctuation of solar energy and wind energy, new energy usually accounts for only about one-third of the energy transmitted by the power grid, and the rest needs to be adjusted and balanced by the conventional energy of hydropower and thermal power.
How to build a new power system and realize the efficient utilization of new energy through scientific and technological innovation has become the hot topic of this forum.
In recent years, Qinghai power grid has made use of the complementary characteristics of water, wind and light in different time periods of month, day and hour to innovate and apply the complementary and coordinated dispatching and control system of multi-energy power system, realize the effective integration of optimized dispatching and real-time control functions in different time periods, and improve the power supply guarantee level and new energy consumption capacity of the whole network.
In addition, Qinghai power grid, in combination with the operation characteristics and development trend of new energy, upgraded the existing regulation and control technology support system, built the new energy rolling optimization consumption and dispatching technology support system, and built the new energy rolling optimization consumption and dispatching technology support system, which realized the analysis and monitoring of the whole process of production and consumption such as new energy prediction, planning and control.
The prediction technology has been upgraded from deterministic prediction to probabilistic prediction, and a prediction system covering multiple time scales has been established. The short-term prediction duration has been extended to 10 days, and the prediction accuracy of new energy has increased by 2.1% on average.
Li Yongbin, director of the dispatching control center of State Grid Qinghai electric power company, introduced that in order to innovate the power trading mode and expand the application scope of "green power", Qinghai has innovated and explored the green power trading mechanism of "green agreement". Organize new energy power stations to carry out green power transactions with users, issue green power transaction certificates to users, and realize the priority organization, execution and settlement of green power transaction varieties through the transaction mode of "integration of certificate and electricity", so as to meet the needs of users to actively purchase green power.
Last year, several pumped storage power stations in Qinghai Province were included in the national "14th five year plan" key implementation plan. Pumped storage power station is a hydropower station that uses power to pump water to a high place for storage and releases water to generate electricity when the power system is insufficient. This type of power station has multiple functions such as peak shaving, frequency modulation, energy storage and emergency standby, which can ensure the safe, stable and economic operation of the power system and increase the consumption of new energy.
In recent years, Qinghai power grid has continuously promoted and applied the interactive technology of source network load and storage. By means of improving the coordination and balance strategy of source network load and storage and optimizing the charging and discharging mode of energy storage power stations, the midday consumption space of new energy has been increased by more than 1 million kilowatts, and the utilization rate of new energy in the whole network has been increased by 1.2%.
